"Against Frozen Dogmatic Beliefs": An Analysis of Ali Shariati's Revolutionary Thought
Abstract
This article aims to explore the idea of "against dogmatic beliefs" echoed by Ali Shariati. By using the critical analysis method, this study finds that the concept of Ali Shariati's revolution is based on Islam even though it is not Islam in the sense of a religion that only contains dogmatic teachings. The transformation of the concept of revolution requires the presence of an agent. This is where Ali Shariati gave the term rausyan fikr (enlightened intellectual) as an agent of revolution from the failure of the ulama who sold their religion to the ruling class. Meanwhile, in an effort to mobilize a revolution to destroy the regime of Syah Reza Pahlavi, Ali Shariati carried out massive movements in the form of speeches in academic pulpits and in public pulpits, writing books and in magazines. Ali Shariati's offer of an Islamic-revolutionary (socialist) pattern was finally successfully transformed into the foundation of the Iranian revolutionary movement.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Abduh, Muhammad. “The True Reform and its Necessity for Al-Azhar,” al-Manar 10, no. 28 (February 1906), trans. Talattof, Kamran. In Contemporary Debates in Islam: An Anthology of Modernist and Fundamentalist Thought, edited by Moaddel, Mansoor and Talattof, Kamran, 45–52. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Abedi, Mehbi. “Ali Shariati: The Architect of the 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran.” Iranian Studies 19, no. 3–4 (1986): 229–234.
Abrahamian, Ervand. “Ali Shari’ati: Ideologue of the Iranian Revolution.” MERIP Reports, no. 102, Islam and Politics (January, 1982): 24–28.
Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran between Two Revolutions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982.
Abrahamian, Ervand. Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.
Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M. “Editor’s Introduction.” In Sevindi, Nevval, Contemporary Islamic Conversations: M. Fethullah Gulen on Turkey, Islam, and the West, edited by Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M., translated by Abdulah T. Antepli, vii–xiv. New York: State University of New York, 2008.
Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M. “Editor’s Introduction: Contemporary Islamic Thought: One or Many?” In The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought, edited by Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M., 1–20. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.
Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M. “Editor’s Introduction: Islamism from the Standpoint of Critical Theory.” In Contemporary Arab Reader on Political Islam edited by Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M.. London and Edmonton: Pluto Press and University of Alberta Press, 2010.
Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M. Intellectual Origins of Islamic Resurgence in the Modern Arab World. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
Abu Zayd, Nasr Hamid. “The Modernization of Islam or the Islamization of Modernity.” In Cosmopolitanism, Identity and Authenticity in the Middle East, edited by Meijer, Roel, 71–86. London: Routledge Curzon Press, 1999.
Abu Zayd, Nasr Hamid. “The Other as Mirror of Selfunderstanding. Comparing Two Traditions.” Reset DOC: Dialogues on Civilizations, July 18, 2011, www.resetdoc.org/story/00000021674 (accessed August 4, 2012).
Adib-Moghaddam, Arshin. “The Pluralistic Momentum in Iran and the Future of the Reform Movement.” Third World Quarterly 27, no. 4 (2006): 665–674.
Afary, Janet, and Anderson, Kevin. Foucault and the Iranian Revolution: Gender and the Seductions of Islamism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
Ahmed, Akbar S. Postmodernism and Islam: Predicament and Promise. London: Routledge, 1992.
Akhavi, Shahrough. “Islam, Politics and Society in the Thought of Ayatullah Khomeini, Ayatullah Taliqani and Ali Shariati.” Middle Eastern Studies 24, no. 4 (October 1988): 404–431.
Al-Azmeh, Aziz. Islams and Modernities. London and New York: Verso, 1993.
Alatas, Syed Farid. Alternative Discourses in Asian Social Science: Responses to Eurocentrism. London and California: Sage Publications, 2006.
Alatas, Syed Farid. “The Sacralization of the Social Sciences: A Critique of an Emerging Theme in Academic Discourse.” Archives des sciences sociales des religions 91, no.91 (1995): 89–111.
Algar, Hamid. The Roots of the Islamic Revolution. Areekode, Kerala: Islamic Foundation Press, 1988.
Alijani, Reza. “Pre-secular Iranians in a Post-secular Age: The Death of God, the Resurrection of God,” translated by Mahdavi, Mojtaba and Saffari, Siavash, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 31, no. 1 (2011): 27–33.
An-Na’im, Abdullahi Ahmed. “The Islamic Law of Apostasy and Its Modern Applicability: A Case from the Sudan.” Religion 16, no. 3 (1986): 197–224.
Arkoun, Mohammed. “Positivism and Tradition in an Islamic Perspective: Kemalism.” Diogenes 32, no. 127 (1984): 82–100.
Arkoun, Mohammed. The Unthoughts in Contemporary Islamic Thought. London: Saqi Books, 2002.
Asad, Talal. “Europe against Islam: Islam in Europe.” The Muslim World 87, no. 2 (1997): 183–195.
Asad, Talal. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, modernity. Stanford University Press, 2003.
Asad, Talal. “Religion, Nation-State, Secularism.” In Nation and Religion: Perspectives on Europe and Asia, edited by van der Veer, Peter and Lehmann, Hartmut, 178–196. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.
Aydin, Mahmut. Modern Western Christian Theological Understandings of Muslims since the Second Vatican Council. Washington, DC: The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, 2002.
Ayoob, Mohammed. “The Revolutionary Thrust of Islamic Political Tradition,” Third World Quarterly 3 no. 2 (1981): 269–276.
Ayoub, Mahmoud M. “Forward.” In Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M., Intellectual Origins of Islamic Resurgence in the Modern Arab World. ix–x. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
Bahramitash, Roksana. “Revolution, Islamization, and Women’s Employment in Iran.” The Brown Journal of World Affairs ix, no. 2 (Winter/Spring 2003): 229–241.
Bayat, Asef. “Is there a Future for Islamist Revolutions?: Religion, Revolt, and Middle Eastern Modernity.” In Revolution in the Making of the Modern World: Social Identities, Globalization, and Modernity, edited by Foran, John, Lane, David, Zivkovic, Andreja, 96–111. New York: Routledge, 2008.
Bayat, Asef. “Islamism and Social Movement Theory.” Third World Quarterly 26, no. 6 (2005): 891–908.
Bayat, Asef. “Post-Islamism at Large.” In Post-Islamism: The Many Faces of Political Islam, edited by Bayat, Asef, 3–34. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Bayat, Asef. “The Post-Islamist Revolutions: What the Revolts in the Arab World Mean?” Foreign Affairs– Snapshots, April 26, 2011, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67812/asef-bayat/the-post-islamist-revolutions (accessed April 9, 2013).
Abedi, Mehbi. “Ali Shariati: The Architect of the 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran.” Iranian Studies 19, no. 3–4 (1986): 229–234.
Abrahamian, Ervand. “Ali Shari’ati: Ideologue of the Iranian Revolution.” MERIP Reports, no. 102, Islam and Politics (January, 1982): 24–28.
Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran between Two Revolutions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982.
Abrahamian, Ervand. Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.
Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M. “Editor’s Introduction.” In Sevindi, Nevval, Contemporary Islamic Conversations: M. Fethullah Gulen on Turkey, Islam, and the West, edited by Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M., translated by Abdulah T. Antepli, vii–xiv. New York: State University of New York, 2008.
Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M. “Editor’s Introduction: Contemporary Islamic Thought: One or Many?” In The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought, edited by Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M., 1–20. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.
Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M. “Editor’s Introduction: Islamism from the Standpoint of Critical Theory.” In Contemporary Arab Reader on Political Islam edited by Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M.. London and Edmonton: Pluto Press and University of Alberta Press, 2010.
Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M. Intellectual Origins of Islamic Resurgence in the Modern Arab World. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
Abu Zayd, Nasr Hamid. “The Modernization of Islam or the Islamization of Modernity.” In Cosmopolitanism, Identity and Authenticity in the Middle East, edited by Meijer, Roel, 71–86. London: Routledge Curzon Press, 1999.
Abu Zayd, Nasr Hamid. “The Other as Mirror of Selfunderstanding. Comparing Two Traditions.” Reset DOC: Dialogues on Civilizations, July 18, 2011, www.resetdoc.org/story/00000021674 (accessed August 4, 2012).
Adib-Moghaddam, Arshin. “The Pluralistic Momentum in Iran and the Future of the Reform Movement.” Third World Quarterly 27, no. 4 (2006): 665–674.
Afary, Janet, and Anderson, Kevin. Foucault and the Iranian Revolution: Gender and the Seductions of Islamism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
Ahmed, Akbar S. Postmodernism and Islam: Predicament and Promise. London: Routledge, 1992.
Akhavi, Shahrough. “Islam, Politics and Society in the Thought of Ayatullah Khomeini, Ayatullah Taliqani and Ali Shariati.” Middle Eastern Studies 24, no. 4 (October 1988): 404–431.
Al-Azmeh, Aziz. Islams and Modernities. London and New York: Verso, 1993.
Alatas, Syed Farid. Alternative Discourses in Asian Social Science: Responses to Eurocentrism. London and California: Sage Publications, 2006.
Alatas, Syed Farid. “The Sacralization of the Social Sciences: A Critique of an Emerging Theme in Academic Discourse.” Archives des sciences sociales des religions 91, no.91 (1995): 89–111.
Algar, Hamid. The Roots of the Islamic Revolution. Areekode, Kerala: Islamic Foundation Press, 1988.
Alijani, Reza. “Pre-secular Iranians in a Post-secular Age: The Death of God, the Resurrection of God,” translated by Mahdavi, Mojtaba and Saffari, Siavash, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 31, no. 1 (2011): 27–33.
An-Na’im, Abdullahi Ahmed. “The Islamic Law of Apostasy and Its Modern Applicability: A Case from the Sudan.” Religion 16, no. 3 (1986): 197–224.
Arkoun, Mohammed. “Positivism and Tradition in an Islamic Perspective: Kemalism.” Diogenes 32, no. 127 (1984): 82–100.
Arkoun, Mohammed. The Unthoughts in Contemporary Islamic Thought. London: Saqi Books, 2002.
Asad, Talal. “Europe against Islam: Islam in Europe.” The Muslim World 87, no. 2 (1997): 183–195.
Asad, Talal. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, modernity. Stanford University Press, 2003.
Asad, Talal. “Religion, Nation-State, Secularism.” In Nation and Religion: Perspectives on Europe and Asia, edited by van der Veer, Peter and Lehmann, Hartmut, 178–196. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.
Aydin, Mahmut. Modern Western Christian Theological Understandings of Muslims since the Second Vatican Council. Washington, DC: The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, 2002.
Ayoob, Mohammed. “The Revolutionary Thrust of Islamic Political Tradition,” Third World Quarterly 3 no. 2 (1981): 269–276.
Ayoub, Mahmoud M. “Forward.” In Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M., Intellectual Origins of Islamic Resurgence in the Modern Arab World. ix–x. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
Bahramitash, Roksana. “Revolution, Islamization, and Women’s Employment in Iran.” The Brown Journal of World Affairs ix, no. 2 (Winter/Spring 2003): 229–241.
Bayat, Asef. “Is there a Future for Islamist Revolutions?: Religion, Revolt, and Middle Eastern Modernity.” In Revolution in the Making of the Modern World: Social Identities, Globalization, and Modernity, edited by Foran, John, Lane, David, Zivkovic, Andreja, 96–111. New York: Routledge, 2008.
Bayat, Asef. “Islamism and Social Movement Theory.” Third World Quarterly 26, no. 6 (2005): 891–908.
Bayat, Asef. “Post-Islamism at Large.” In Post-Islamism: The Many Faces of Political Islam, edited by Bayat, Asef, 3–34. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Bayat, Asef. “The Post-Islamist Revolutions: What the Revolts in the Arab World Mean?” Foreign Affairs– Snapshots, April 26, 2011, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67812/asef-bayat/the-post-islamist-revolutions (accessed April 9, 2013).
Published
2022-08-31
How to Cite
ZULFIKAR, Muhammad.
"Against Frozen Dogmatic Beliefs": An Analysis of Ali Shariati's Revolutionary Thought.
TAJDID, [S.l.], v. 27, n. 1, p. 73-102, aug. 2022.
ISSN 2621-8259.
Available at: <https://www.riset-iaid.net/index.php/tajdid/article/view/437>. Date accessed: 27 apr. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v27i1.437.
Section
Articles
